HISTOLOGY lab report Essays

HISTOLOGY lab report Essays HISTOLOGY lab report Paper HISTOLOGY lab report Paper Cells appear to be squarely, nuclei are in the middle of each cell, basement membrane, connective tissues Simple Columnar (stomach) Tall (like a column), elongated nuclei, there are gastric pits visible, basement membrane, microvolt, connective tissue Simple Columnar (duodenum) Columnar in appearance, microvolt are present as well as Burners glands Stratified Exogamous (non-scrutinized) Appear to have a mix of cuboids and columnar cells in the basal layers, with exogamous cells at the top. Sequestrations Ciliated Columnar Appears to have more than one layer of column of cells, but the cells appear to e resting on the basal lamina. Cilia are on the top of the cells. Transitional Top cells appear to be larger, round, and have 2 nuclei. Connective tissue and a basement membrane Stratified Cuboids (online) Double layer of squarely cells, each having their own nuclei Stratified Columnar (on line) Layers of cuboids cells on the bottom with a single layer of columnar cells on the top. Questions: A. The study of histology is important in the overall understanding of anatomy and physiology so that you can gain an understanding of the structure and functions of different tissues throughout the body systems. B. Epithelial tissues are named by their shape and cell arrangement. C. Some epithelial tissues are stratified because there are many layers of cells to help protect areas that are known for lots of wear and tear. These types of tissues are generally found on the skin and mouth cavity. D. The functions that are supported by having cuboids and columnar cells having large, open cytoplasm include absorption, secretion, and allowance for rapid diffusion or transport of substances through the basement membrane. E. Identification of epithelium (see lab manual page 70 for drawings) a. = simple exogamous b. 2=simple columnar c. 3=sequestrations columnar d. 4= stratified exogamous EXERCISE 2: CONNECTIVE TISSUE OBSERVATIONS: Data Table 2: Connective Tissue Tissue Amount and Shape of Cells Amount of Matrix Are there fibers? If so, are they parallel or scattered? Messengers (online) 23-polygonal Yes, both parallel and scattered Areola (online) 28- spindle shaped Yes, parallel Adipose (online) 8-polygonal shaped No Dense Irregular (online) 20-polygonal shaped 35% Yes, scattered Reticular 40- statelier shaped Dense Regular: Tendon Too many to count (TM) Hyaline Cartilage TM Elastic Cartilage 50% Fibrillating Compact Bone TM, round in shape Human Blood A. The primary function of connective tissue is to join bodily structures (bones, muscles, etc. ) together and to hold tissues (muscles, tendons, organs, etc. ) in place. B. The shape of a cell gives us insight into the function of the tissue (fiat cells protect, large open cells store or secrete materials, etc. ) C. The matrix is non-cellular material, usually made of protein, that provides support for certain tissues and acts as a filter between the tissue cells and the blood. D. Collagen fibers provide support, flexibility, and strength for the connective tissue. E. The limited blood supply of tendons, ligaments, and cartilage could slow the healing process of the body due to fewer nutrients and oxygen that is being delivered via the blood. EXERCISE 31 MUSCLE TISSUE Data Table 3: Muscle Tissue Muscle Type Shape and Arrangement of Cells Striations Present? Fibrous, multifaceted yes Smooth Thin-elongated cells, large oval nuclei Cardiac Cross striations (not as obvious as skeletal), one nucleus present in the center of each cell yes QUESTIONS: A. Smooth muscle would be found in the stomach. B. Smooth muscle differs from skeletal muscle in the way that it does not have striations present and its an involuntary muscle. C. Skeletal muscle is considered voluntary because these muscles are used under our conscious control. They are stimulated by impulses from the brain/spinal cord. D. Cardiac muscle is unique because it is an involuntary striated muscle that in sometimes mimics smooth muscle and at other times skeletal muscles. It has the ability to contract involuntarily, but also carries an action potential. However, the appearance of the cells resemble skeletal muscle. EXERCISE 4: NERVOUS TISSUE A. The function of the nervous tissue is to respond to stimuli and then send impulses to various organs in the body. B. The cell bodies of the neurons are elongated into cell processes so that they can transfer a signal from the dendrites to cells in the body. C. Eyes cant hear a sound and ears cant see light because the body is wired in such a way that each nerve is designed to respond and transmit specific stimuli from specific areas of the body. D. The difference between a nerve and a neuron is that a neuron is the basic cell of the nervous yester and is comprised of the cell body, dendrites, and an axon and is a single cell that has the ability to become excited. A nerve is a bundle of fibers that are made up of many neurons. CONCLUSIONS: The study of histology is an important part of anatomy and physiology. It allows for the understanding of the structure and function of cells, tissues, and the role that they play throughout our bodies. Without the knowledge of histology little else will make sense in regards to anatomy and physiology. Histology is the foundation of the function of the human body.

Art periods - Impressionism and Post Impressionism Essay

Art periods - Impressionism and Post Impressionism - Essay Example The impressionist deviated from their predecessor artists as they painted in the open air (en plain air) (Rewald, 2005). This was very important in confronting the modern city life and the nature. They further painted their work by use of pure color. The use of pure color was very important as they made the work of the artist impressive. The work was attractive unlike the previous artistic work. The artists who fall in this category influenced the western conception of drawings and paintings. The impressionists revolutionized the western work of art. It was an avenue of the post impressionists who created their work basing on the impressionism. They modified the impressionism work of art. They thus, maintained some other aspects of the impressionism. The impressionism is very important as it made a base for the post impressionism. All the paintings, drawings and films of post- impressionism were borrowed from the impressionism. Even though the post impressionists deviated from the im pressionists, they still borrowed some knowledge from impressionists to perfect their works of art. Claude Monet is the greatest artist in this period. He aimed at catching light and atmosphere something which had not been thought by the past artists. His enjoyment in painting outdoors let to spontaneous and free painting technique. Monet’s brushwork is remarkably varied and flexible. He could change his work. Sometimes his work was dappled and sparking but at other times it was broad and sweeping.

Innovative Food and Beverage Marketing Ideas Essay

Innovative Food and Beverage Marketing Ideas - Essay Example Rock music usually has a strong back beat. (Wikipedia) In the late 1960s, rock music was blended with folk music to create folk rock, and with jazz, to create jazz-rock fusion. In the 1970s, rock incorporated influences from soul, funk, and Latin music. In the 1970s, rock developed a number of subgenres, such as soft rock, blues rock, heavy metal-style rock, progressive rock, art rock, techno-rock, syth-rock and punk rock. Rock subgenres from the 1980s included hard rock, indie-rock and alternative rock. In the 1990s, rock subgenres included grunge-style rock, Britpop, and Indie rock. (Wikipedia) The influence of rock and roll is far-reaching, and has had significant impact worldwide on fashion, film styles, and even the hospitality industry.. This impact is broad enough that rock and roll may also be considered a lifestyle in addition to a form of music. Rock music was the inspiration of Tigrett and Morton's Hard Rock Caf (HRC) that originated in London. (Wikipedia) HRC is a unique genre in the hospitality industry, being a chain of restaurants, hotels, and casinos that is known for its music and memorabilia rather than its food. Customers come to HRC mainly for the experience of the live music event, which is a highly strategic marketing innovation of the caf. It was founded in 1971 by music-loving entrepreneurs Isaac Tigrett and Peter Morton. The first HRC opened near Hyde Park Corner in London, in a former Rolls Royce car dealership show room. In 1979 Tigrett and Morton began to cover the walls with rock and roll ephemera. Hard Rock was most popular in the 1980s when some people engaged in the hobby of visiting as many locations as possible and collecting a Hard Rock t-shirt bearing the Cafe logo and the location name. The Hard Rock Cafe's motto "Love All, Serve All" was adopted from Tigrett's guru Sathya Sai Baba. (Wikipedia) The HRC Marketing Mix There are about eight million restaurants in the world and some 300,000 restaurant companies. The restaurant industry is a classic mature market. Companies face stiff competition and low profit margins. (Yahoo Finance) Thus, innovative marketing ideas are necessary for any restaurant business to remain competitive and sustainable. Like many other restaurants and cafes, Hard Rock adapts the descriptive labeling for its menu and more. It has reinvented the menu to become an art cum history book. But more than the artistic menu, what makes HRC sustainable is its marketing mix that combines music, food, museum and merchandising. According to Proctor (2000), positioning products in people's minds and making them attractive to market segments requires careful formulation of the marketing mix. Getting the right blend of the product, promotion price and distribution is essential to put the carefully carried out analysis into operation. The aim is to portray an image for the product or service that will match with how one wants the product to be visualised in people's minds, i.e. its positioning. Image is not only reflected in the promotional messages which are directed towards the target market but also in the pricing strategy, the mode of distribution and in the appearance of the product or service itself. Live Rock MusicHRC has position itself for dominance in a market that caters to customers who love not only

Industrialization And Environmental Challenge In China Environmental Sciences Essay

Industrialization And Environmental Challenge In China Environmental Sciences Essay China has experienced the worlds fastest economic development over the past decades. At the same time, it has faced environmental degradation, and growing barriers against development. Chinas most productive city Shanghai has taken a particularly major role in Chinas economic and political development. However, the city could not avoid confrontation with environmental challenges, especially water pollution. The rapid economic growth and industrialisation have generated high pressure on the citys environment. Although Shanghai is a coastal economic city with abundant water sources from various rivers such as Yangtze River and Changjiang River, the city has suffered from polluted water and water shortage. The first reason is water pollution. According to Shanghai Water Authority (Shanghai Municipal Oceanic Bureau, SWA), majority of surface water in the city has been polluted and the water quality does not meet the drinking water quality standards  [1]  . Also, only 2.3 per cent of the Huangpu River, Shanghais main water supplies, met the grade 1-2 of water quality and 23.0 per cent attained grade 3. The rest 73.8 per cent was rated as grade 4-5 (China Water Risk Report 2010). Second, Shanghais water infrastructure provides 56.1% of the total water supply to its industry sector, which includes power plants and coal-fired factories, 14.3% to agriculture, and 10.1% to 23 million residents of its greater municipality (UNEP, 2010)  [2]  . This research argues that the Shanghai government has made improvements to solve the water pollution problem, but these havent been sufficient to resolve the persistent water pollution in the city. The Shanghai authority insists that it is aware of the deterioration of the environment, and it has promoted more balanced patterns of development using concepts such as harmonious society and scientific development. For instance, the municipal government launched $586 billion economic stimulus package in late 2008, and it invested majorly in environment conservation projects, especially, water pollution projects. Also the government implemented the Plan of Underground Water Pollution Prevention and Control(2010-2011) which cost about %5.4 billion(IBIS, 2012)  [3]  . However, some research conducted by scholars such as Thomas Johnson (2009) and the Chinese Policy Research Center for Environment and Economy (2006) raised skepticism on the Shanghai governments environmental governance si nce there hasnt been a noticeable improvement. Also some empirical data show that the emissions of major water pollutants from the industrial sector is still considered serious, and the amount of wastewater discharged from the industrial and household sectors continues to increase. First, this research assumes that the Shanghai governments governance has been experiencing difficulties in controlling water pollution because of the weak legal instrument in restricting pollutants emission. In regard with water protection, the government has several legal measures such as Environmental impact assessment system(EIA), The Three Simultaneity System, Pollution levy system, Pollution discharge reporting system, Emission permit system, Total emission control system, Enforcement of pollution abatement for noncompliance, and Enforcement of shutting down, merging and transferring system(Xin, 2009). Nonetheless, the law enforcement and penalty imposition have not been effective in practice, which caused the failure in restricting pollutants emission. For example, the amount of three major pollutant emissions SO2, COD and soot has not been successfully decreased. In SO2s case, the amount of industrial emission even increased during 1990-2006 (Wen, 2007)  [4]  . Research Question 1. Does the Shanghai government have sufficient legal measures in restricting water pollutant emission? 2. If not, what are the causes of the problem? Second, the Shanghai government does not seem to be fully motivated to implement water protection policies. Since the state governments major concern is economic growth under the GDP-  based development  system, the municipal governments, including Shanghai, inevitably have been economic growth-oriented affected by the state governments regime. As indicated above, more than half of the water supplies in Shanghai have been allocated in the industry sector. Also, the environment department of the government has suffered from securing sufficient technical human resources because of its budget limit, which means the government has put its high priority to the industrialization and economic growth. Research Question 1. Has the water pollution issue been high on the Shanghai governments priorities? Third, this research presumes that the accessibility the accurate information and data and the inactive public participation have detracted from the Shanghai governments effectiveness in implementing the environmental governance. Although accurate information and its accessibility and active public participation could take a major role in the governments environmental governance, the rate of public participation is rather low and the accessibility of the accurate information is still limited in comparison with other developed countries. The public should be able to access the accurate information and data, and be involved in the monitoring and evaluation system. For example, NGOs could be a substitute for the expensive technical human resources. Research Question 1. Does the Shanghai government have the easy accessibility for the public to accurate environmental information and data? The Shanghai governments governance regarding water pollution issues has not been sufficient. Since the government is driven by the economic growth-oriented regime of the centre government, the law enforcement in restricting water pollutant emissions have been ineffective despite several legal measures. Also the public does not have easy accessibility of the accurate information and data. These three factors have not successfully improved the water quality in Shanghai, which will cause a serious water shortage. The water shortage will have repercussion for the whole country. It will directly affect the citizens well being and hinder China from sustainable development.

Types of Smiles

The Meaning of a Smile A smile is the universal welcome. They come in many different shapes, sizes, and even meanings. When someone decides to flash their pearly whites at a passerby, what exactly do they mean by it? I smile all day long for my customers, but that doesn’t mean that I am always happy to be around them. People link smiling to being one of the friendliest gestures one can receive. However, a smile is deceitful and can be taken in many different ways, and wore on many different occasions. Everybody has experienced that moment in their life when they have truly been happy.They smile all day long and can’t even find one reason why. Those smiles are the best ones to see and, oddly enough, they can even improve someones looks. They are simple smiles that brighten up the entire face and put the sparkle in their eyes. Happy smiles cannot be faked or forced and they curve from ear to ear. People that normally wear happy smiles are ones that are able to put the pas t behind them. Happy people always seem to be happy and they are fun to be around. The people that frequently use this smile often laughs a lot more than most people. They can also be picked out easily in a crowd because their smiles are genuine.This is a smile that reflects a happy and joyful heart. Children are the best at the famous naughty or â€Å"Up-to-no-good† smiles. These smiles can normally be seen when someone has been caught red handed. For most people, these smiles are humorous and can easily be picked out because of the red faces they cause. Naughty smiles cause the eyebrows to raise, cheeks to redden, and they seem to show more teeth than normal. One can typically find an up-to-no-good smile on a student that was just caught cheating on a test, or a toddler that didn’t hide their vegetables very well.These smiles show defeat, yet the person wearing them is willing to fight their way out of trouble. Forced smiles are commonly found in Christmas card photo s or around the hallways in a high school. These smiles are fake and clearly take more energy to make than a person originally planned to give. Forced smiles are not attractive and do not hide the fact that the person would rather not be smiling. Fake smiles portray an attitude of â€Å"I am better than you† to anyone that witnesses them. Preteens seem to abuse this smile more than others, then wonder why their parents tell them to â€Å"be nice. High School aged girls have the fake smile perfected, however it looks more like a smirk. It is their way of saying something rude, without saying anything at all. This smile can be paired with an eye roll and a flip of the hair for dramatic effect, but often times the smile alone could kill. When an individual overhears a spicy conversation it sometimes ends with an amused smile. These smiles can either be one of humor or horror, depending on the circumstance. Amused smiles are almost a smug look; the eyes squinted just a little to hide the giggle trying to escape, and the mouth closed yet curved just enough to show a pair of dimples.An amused smile is one to watch for in a crowd or when telling secrets, because often times the one sharing the smile will share the story to someone else. Confidence is a necessary trait in anybody, and a smile to go with it is sometimes a pleasant thing to see on a person. However, some people like to show it off more than others and it quickly turns into a not-so-pleasant smirk. For example, pageant queens and teenage boys with fancy cars. From the moment the girls walk on the stage, or the boys turn on their car, there is a switch that turns on in their head that makes them believe they are â€Å"on top of the world. Their smiles tell all. A smirk looks almost as if the person is boasting. You can tell a smirk from any other smile because the person’s nose is stuck up so high in the air there is a shadow over top of their mouth. These smiles often result in a loss of true friends or a harsh fall back down to Earth. A true confident smile, however, don’t come around very often. Confidence has to build just enough to make the smile look proud, yet subtle. This smile can sometimes take years to develop, but when it’s there it’s hard to remove.The best way to explain a confident smile would be through example. Such as, a high school freshman trying out for the Varsity Dance Team at her school. As she walks into the gym to show off her double turn, she looks nervous (even though she has it perfected). However, after everything is said and done, she nailed it. She now can walk proudly out of that gym with a very confident smile on her face, knowing she made the dance team. A smile radiates from a person no matter what or who it is meant for, however a confident smile radiates from the core and is there for everybody to see.Smiling can be the answer to all of our problems, to everyone around the world. It is there to say what we sh ouldn’t say out loud, or to just simply show that we are happy. Everybody smiles for some reason, it’s just something we as human beings can’t escape from. It is often interesting to think about why we smile, or why we show emotions at all. Often times, it seems as if smiling is our way of letting all of our emotions escape in one simple gesture. Our smiles are uniquely limitless in meanings, and because of that, we are able to hide behind them and only show what we really want to be seen.

Using Experiments To Identify An Unknown Compound Environmental Sciences Essay

Abstract. The intent of this experiment was to place the unknown compound. The trials that were done to find the individuality of the compound include qualitative solubility trials, quantitative solubility trials, mensurating solution conduction, anion and cation trial, fire trial, and formation of precipitate. It was found that the compound had no odor, was soluble in H2O, and non soluble in methylbenzene and propanone. The ions dissociated in the H2O, making conduction. When the ammonium hydroxide trial was performed no ammonium hydroxide odor was produced. The flame trial yielded a colour that matched that of Na hydrogen carbonate indicating that the unknown compound contained Na. The anion trial for chloride proved to be positive, ensuing in the summing up that the unknown compound was sodium chloride.IntroductionThe group is employed by an Environmental Protection Agency to indentify a compound in the landfill in your place town. The group must besides detect as many chemical an d physical belongingss of the compound as we can. We need to invent two syntheses of the compound, and compare them for cost effectivity, safety, and possible output of the compound. To place the compound, the physical belongingss ( odor, colour, and province ) demand to be established. Next, the qualitative solubility of the compound was tested in H2O, methylbenzene, and propanone, which would find whether the compound would fade out from rain H2O or other chemicals that may be present in the landfill and make overflow. Conductivity was besides tested with a voltmeter in order to find whether or non the compound would be unsafe when dissolved in H2O. If the compound was conductive it would fade out in H2O and produce an electric current. The flame trial was performed to stipulate one of the elements. A solution of H2O and the component was used to put the nichrome wire in, and so the nichrome wire is placed into the fire. If the fire produces a colour it is declarative of a certain metalloid ion or metal. A colour is produced in the fire when the heat of the fire changes the metal ions into atoms which so become aroused and bring forth visible radiation that can be seen with the bare oculus. It is besides of import to analyse the presence of certain cations and anions utilizing trials that identify the presence of the anions chloride and sulphate, and the presence of the cation ammonium. The anion trials for chloride and sulfate prove to be positive when a white precipitate signifiers and the ammonium trial proves to be positive when an ammonium odor is produced. After all of the physical and chemical trials were performed, a solution of the unknown compound and a solution of what was deduced to be unknown compound were reacted with an acid ( azotic acid ) , a base ( potassium hydrated oxide ) , silver nitrate, K sulphate, and K nitrate in order to find if they produce the same consequences. Gravimetric filtration was so performed with the known and unknown s ubstance. A precipitate was formed utilizing Ag nitrate, which could so be weighed. After the filtration procedure, the unknown compound was so synthesized to bring forth a per centum output.ConsequencesTable 1 Physical Properties TestColor White State of Matter Solid Olfactory property None Solubility in Water Soluble Conduction 0.35 VsTable 2 Anion TrialsTrials PerformedConsequencesTrial for Chloride White Precipitate Formed Trial for Sulfate No Chemical reaction Trial for Nitrate No Brown Ring Trial for Carbonate Clear Trial for Acetate Clear, OdorlessTable 3 Cation TrialsTrials PerformedChemical reactionConsequencesTrial for Ammonium NH4Cl + NaOH i? Ammonium Smell No Odor Fire Test Bright Orange/Yellow Fire SodiumTable 4 Chemical reaction TrialsType of Chemical reactionBalanced EquationChemical reactionAcid NaCl ( aq ) + HNO3 ( aq ) – & A ; gt ; NaNO3 ( aq ) + HCl ( aq ) None Base NaCl ( aq ) + KOH ( aq ) – & A ; gt ; NaOH ( aq ) + KCl ( aq ) None Double Supplanting NaCl ( aq ) + AgNO3 ( aq ) – & A ; gt ; AgCl ( aq ) + NaO3 ( aq ) Precipitate formed Double Supplanting NaCl ( aq ) + K2SO4 ( aq ) – & A ; gt ; Na2SO4 ( aq ) + 2 KCl ( aq ) None Double Supplanting NaCl ( aq ) + KNO3 ( aq ) – & A ; gt ; NaNO3 ( aq ) + KCl ( aq ) NoneTable 5 Gravimetric AnalysisNaCl ( aq ) + AgNO3 ( aq ) – & A ; gt ; AgCl ( s ) + NaNO3 ( aq ) Vacuum Filtration Trial # Sum of Precipitate Produced ( gms ) Percent Output Known Trial 1 1.081 88.18 % Known Trial 2 1.196 97.56 % Unknown Trial 1 1.211 98.78 % Unknown Trial 2 1.185 96.66 % Unknown Trial 3 1.170 95.44 %Table 6 Synthesis Chemical reactionChemical reaction Sum Produced ( gms ) Theoretical Output ( gms ) Percent Output HCl ( aq ) + NaOH ( aq ) i? NaCl ( s ) + H2O ( cubic decimeter ) 1.971 2 98.55 %DiscussionFirst, the physical belongingss of the unknown compound were observed and recorded. It was found that the compound was crystalline in construction, a solid, white, with no olfactory property ( Table 1 ) . All of these belongingss suggest that the compound was ionic because ionic compounds do non hold a distinguishable olfactory property and are solid at room temperature because of their high thaw points. The unknown compound was so tested for solubility in H2O, methylbenzene and propanone. The compound was soluble in H2O, bespeaking the compound was a polar or ionic compound, and non soluble in methylbenzene or propanone which eliminates it being polar or nonionic. Therefore, this points to the compound being ionic. After the compound was dissolved in H2O, the conduction was tested with a voltmeter, which produced a electromotive force of 0.35 Vs turn outing that the substance is conductive since it is over 0.1 Vs. This farther proves that the unknown compound was io nic since merely ionic compounds dissociate in H2O and make an electric current. The fire trial was performed to find one of the elements in the compound. Four known compounds, Na hydrogen carbonate, Mg nitrate, Ca sulphate, and K nitrate were put under the fire trial to compare the unknown to. When the unknown compound was put under the fire trial it produced the same colour as Na hydrogen carbonate, bright orange/yellow, bespeaking the presence of Na ( Table 3 ) . The ammonium trial was besides performed to verify that the compound did non incorporate ammonium hydroxide. No odor was produced when the unknown solution and Na hydrated oxide were assorted, and a odor would bespeak the presence of ammonium hydroxide. Therefore, the compound was proven to incorporate Na. When the anion trials for chloride and sulphate were performed, a white precipitate was produced from the chloride trial, bespeaking the presence of chloride while the sulfate reaction created no precipitate bespeaking the absence of sulphate ( Table 2 ) . In add-on, the unknown compound was put through a series of reactions along with what was believed to be the compound in order to compare the reactions to find if they produce the same reactions. First Na chloride, what is believed to be the unknown compound, and the unknown compound were reacted with Ag nitrate, which produced a precipitate because it was a dual supplanting that produced AgCl which is non soluble in H2O. Sodium chloride and the unknown compound were reacted with K sulphate but produced no reaction because the merchandises sodium sulphate and K chloride are both soluble in H2O. Sodium chloride and the unknown compound were so besides reacted with K nitrate, making a dual supplanting reaction which produces Na nitrate and K chloride, which are besides both soluble in H2O, hence bring forthing no reaction. When Na chloride and the unknown compound were reacted with an acid, azotic acid, but the presence of the Na chloride did non impact the pH of the azotic acid becaus e it was an ionic compound. When the Na chloride and the unknown compound were reacted with a base, K hydrated oxide, there was besides no reaction or alteration in the pH of the K hydrated oxide because the Na chloride is an ionic compound. Both the Na chloride and the unknown compound produced the same consequences in every reaction further turn outing that they are one in the same ( Table 4 ) . Once it was found that Na chloride and Ag nitrate bring forth a precipitate when reacted, the reaction was used to bring forth a certain sum of precipitate which was so used in hydrometric analysis to see if both the known and unknown compound would bring forth the same sum of precipitate. The reaction that was filtrated was NaCl ( aq ) + AgNO3 ( aq ) – & A ; gt ; AgCl ( s ) + NaO3 ( aq ) . The consequences from the known reaction were 1.77 gms of filter paper and 1.081 gms of precipitate entirely, while the theoretical output was 1.225 gms. The unknown reaction has yet to be found. The per centum output for the reaction was 97.56 % ( Table 5 ) . A synthesis reaction was the concluding trial preformed. The undermentioned chemical reaction occurred: HCl ( aq ) + NaOH ( aq ) i? NaCl ( s ) + H2O ( cubic decimeter ) . Once all of the H2O was evaporated out with the usage of a hot home base, the precipitate was able to be weighed and the per centum output could be calculated. The reaction had a percent output of 98.55 % ( Table 6 ) .DecisionAfter being employed by the Environmental Protection Agency, the group was able to place the compound in the landfill. After all of the trials and reactions were performed, it was found that the unknown compound was sodium chloride. Its solubility in H2O, conduction, and crystalline construction points to the fact that the compound is ionic. The positive fire trial for Na indicates that Na is one of the elements in the compound because it produced a bright orange fire. The positive chloride trial, when a white precipitate was formed, indicates that chloride is the 2nd component in the compound. The unknown compound and Na chloride were put through the same reactions and systematically produced the same consequences, farther indicating that the unknown compound is sodium chloride. The gravitative analysis of the known and unknown substances provided similar consequences, endorsing up that the unknown substance was sodium chloride. The synthesis reaction produced a percent output of 95.05 % .Experimental Procedure:Physical Properties TrialsThe physical province of the unknown compound was observed. This included the province of affair, odor ( utilizing the wafting technique ) , colour, and construction. A little sum of the unknown compound was placed in about 50mL of H2O and stirred to see if it would fade out. The same solution was used for the voltmeter and the conduction was recorded.Anion TrialsChloride Ion TestApproximately 1 milliliter of the unknown solution was placed in a trial tubing and 1 milliliter of 6 M HNO3 was added. After that another 1 milliliter of AgNO3 was added. Whether a white precipitate was formed or non was recorded. If a white precipitate is observed, a chloride ion is present in the solution.Sulfate Ion TestApproximately 1 milliliter of the unknown solution was placed into a trial tubing and 1 milliliter of 6 M HCl was added. After that another 1 milliliter of BaCl2 solution was added to the same trial tubing. Whether or non a white precipitate formed was recorded. If a white precipitate is formed, sulphate is present in the solution.Cation TrialFire TestThe heat from the Bunsen fire was used to cleanse the nichrome wire. A little sum of the unknown compound was placed onto the nichrome wire and held over the fire. The colour of the fire was observed.Ammonium TrialApproximately 1 milliliters of 6 M NaOH was added to 1 milliliter of the unknown compound solution. The pennant technique was used to observe if there was any olfactory property. If the odor of ammonium hydroxide was present, there were ammonium ions nowadays in the solution.Responsiveness TrialsChemical reaction with an AcidA solution with a little sum of unknown compound was assorted in 50 milliliter of H2O and a separate solution of a little sum of ammonium chloride and 50 milliliter of H2O. A little sum of the two solutions were placed in to two separate trial tubings and a little sum of HNO3.Double Displacement Chemical reactionA solution of a little sum of unknown compound was placed into 50 milliliter of H2O and a separate solution incorporating a little sum of Na chloride and 50 milliliter of H2O. A little sum of the two solutions wa s placed into two separate trial tubings and a little sum of K2SO4 was added into each trial tubing. The trial tubings were so swirled and assorted.Double Displacement Chemical reactionA solution of a little sum of unknown compound was assorted with a solution of 50 milliliter of H2O and a separate solution of a little sum of Na chloride and 50 milliliter of H2O. A little sum of the two solutions were placed into two separate trial tubings and a little sum of AgNO3 was added into each of the trial tubing. The trial tubings were so swirled and assorted.Double Displacement Chemical reactionA solution of a little sum of unknown compound was assorted in 50 milliliter of H2O and a separate solution of a little sum of Na chloride and 50 milliliter of H2O. A little sum of the two solutions were so placed into two separate trial tubings and a little sum of KNO3 was added to each trial tubing. The trial tubings were so swirled and assorted, and whether or non a reaction occurred was recorded .Chemical reaction with a BaseA little sum of unknown compound was assorted with 50 milliliters of H2O and a separate solution of a little sum of ammonium chloride and 50 milliliter of H2O. A little sum of these two solutions were so placed into two separate trial tubings and a little sum of KOH was added.Hydrometric AnalysisA Buchner flask was used with a funnel placed over the top. The filter paper was weighed and so wetted with H2O somewhat. The solution incorporating the precipitate was poured onto the filter paper and left until most of the liquid had seeped through. The filter was so removed from the funnel and placed into an oven for 10 proceedingss until the precipitate and paper had wholly dried. The filter paper was so weighed with the precipitate still on top. The weight of the filer paper was subtracted from the new weight to obtain the most accurate consequence. The process was completed three times with the unknown substances and twice with a known substance.Synthesis Chemical reactionApproximately 12.3 milliliters of ammonium hydrated oxide was assorted with 6.2 milliliters of hydrochloric acid in a beaker. The solution was placed on a hot home base ( under a goon ) and allowed to boil until all of the liquid evaporated. The staying precipitate was removed from the beaker and weighed.

The Destruction Of The Second Temple Of Jerusalem

Judaism is a unique religion in the sense that it is one of the world’s oldest religions. The history of Judaism dates back two thousand or far longer depending on one’s viewpoint. The destruction of the Second Temple of Jerusalem is what differentiates each viewpoint. Some believe Judaism to have begun with this obliteration, which brought about the end of the temple-based traditional religion and the extensive dispersion of the Jewish people to lands outside of Israel. Others believe Judaism to have begun over four thousand years ago with the Hebrew people in the Middle East. Abraham is considered the father of the Jewish faith because he is the first to have believed that there is but one God in a time when people worshiped many gods (United Religions Initiative, 2002). University Synagogue in Irvine, California is a Jewish community â€Å"church† that was founded by sixteen Jewish men and women in 1987 and started as a havurah, which means a â€Å"small fellowship† in Hebrew. It began with nearly ten people and has grown to over six hundred members to date. In 2004, the havurah moved into the facility it is located in today and it is one of the fastest growing synagogues in southern California today. Cheryl Altman of University Synagogue tells of her Jewish faith as though she were speaking of God Himself. Speaking with her over the phone on June 17, 2015, she described some of the many Jewish holidays and traditions and the events to celebrate each with delight in her voice. TheShow MoreRelatedThe Destruction Of The Second Temple1558 Words   |  7 PagesEssay question: Which is the most significant event for the transformation of Judaism: (a) the Babylonian Exile; or (b) the destruction of the second temple in 70CE? Introduction Judaism as one of the oldest religions in the world has been through various historical changes. Started with the practice and belief of ancient Israeli people, through the conquering and changing of different kingdoms and empires, Judaism and Jewish people changed and adapted to maintain their identity, belief and existenceRead MoreThe First Jewish Diaspora1490 Words   |  6 Pagesof shifts of power and war (R. Sands, 1). After this came the Hellenistic part of the Diaspora which was the voluntary movement of the Jews. In the Roman War, Jews were again forced to leave their homeland after the Romans destroyed their temple again for a second time. Despite these hardships, however, the Jewish people never forgot about God and His promises for His people. They believed that these things had to happen because they had been prophesized. The Diaspora as a whole did change the religionRead MoreThe Destruction Of The Temple Essay1388 Words   |  6 PagesBefore the destruction of the Tem ple in A.D. 70, Jewish practices had their own meaning. In The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia it states, Israel s chosenness consists of this special designation and the task that accompanies it. God promises the land of Canaan to Israel as their homeland, the place in which the Temple will be built and sacrificial worship of God carried out. The holy days were the Sabbath, Passover, Shavuot, and Sukkoth; and circumcision, dietary laws, and laws pertaining toRead MoreReligion, Judaism, And Islam1389 Words   |  6 Pages The city of Jerusalem, located in the country of Israel, is considered to be one of the holiest cities on Earth. 890,428 individuals are currently living in the city (â€Å"Where is Jerusalem†). What makes Jerusalem such a holy land is because of its significance to three religions: Christianity, Judaism, and Islam (â€Å"History of Jerusalem†). While Jerusalem is considered â€Å"the holy land†, it is also a place that has endured countless wars, bloodshed, and controversy. The city has been ruled by infamousRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Zecharia h 1101 Words   |  5 Pagesand 518 B.C. b. The second part, chapters 9-14, aren’t given until after 480 B.C. 2. First Night Vision: Horsemen a. Zechariah had a vision of a man on a red horse by the myrtle trees. Behind him were red, sorrel, and white horses. They serve as a patrol for God to make sure everything is okay on earth. b. God is angry with the nations at ease, because they assisted in Judah’s and Jerusalem’s suffering. c. The Lord says His cities will overflow with prosperity again. 3. Second Night Vision: FourRead MoreThe Day Of Tisha B Av885 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Jewish community around the world will be fasting and withholding any forms of pleasure, entertainment or happiness to commemorate the day of Tisha B’Av. It was on this day on at 70 ACE (After the Common Era) when the Romans destroyed the Second Temple of the Jews and forced them into an exile lasting just under two millenniums. Within the Jewish community there is debate of whether the formation of the current political state of Israel constitutes our return from exile. However, most religiousRead MoreThe Revival Of Christianity During The Late Roman Empire1357 Words   |  6 Pagestimes, which means that the current Church in Jerusalem is not the original building. However, the significance behind the building remains. When the first iteration of the Church was built, it strengthened the legitimacy of Christianity in Jerusalem. Emperor Constantine ordered the Church to be built upon the western hill, indicating a shift away from the Temple Mount on the eastern hill, which Judaism had regarded as a holy space due to the Herod’s Temple, which had previously stood there. ThroughRead More Ezekiel Essay1689 Words   |  7 Pagesfailing to continue their payment of tribute, Babylonia besieged Jerusalem. Nebuchadrezzer II, king on Babylonia, installs a puppet king, Zedekiah, in order to keep the Judeans in line. Nevertheless, Zedekiah rebels also. In 586, Babylonia exiles the most of the rulers and people of Judah to Babylonia, leaving only the poorest, and decimates Jerusalem, including the temple. Since the people believed the â€Å"Zion Theology,† which said Jerusalem is God’s choice of Zion and the monarchy comes from David, exileRead MoreJudaism, Christianity, And Islam1649 Words   |  7 Pageson which you stand is holy ground.† Whereas Jerusalem is just a common city in an ordinary man s eyes, this viewpoint changes dramatically when i t comes to a religious man. For the three monotheistic religions of the West- Judaism, Christianity and Islam, Jerusalem is considered one of the most important and sacred places in the world. The land acquired its sanctity through numerous manifestations of the divine in biblical times. Even though Jerusalem does not have extraordinary physical featuresRead MoreZechariah Is The Doctrine Of End Times1213 Words   |  5 Pageseight visions succeeding one another in one night.The second section, chapters 7-8, delivered two years later, are an answer to the question whether the days of fasting and mourning for the destruction of the city should be kept any longer, and an assurance to the people of God s presence and blessing. The third and final section, chapters 9-14, consists of two oracles. The first oracle (9-11) addresses God s dealings with His people. The second oracle (12–14) points out the final conflict and triumph